Dagiti kanton ti Suisa: Paggiddiatan a nagbaetan dagiti rebision
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Linia 343:
Innem kadagiti 26 a kanton ket tinawtawid, ngem saanen nga opisial, a nakunkuna a "gudua a kankanton" ({{lang-de|Halbkanton}}, {{lang-fr|demi-canton}}, {{lang-it|semicantone}}), a mangipakita ti maysa a pakasaritaan ti agsinnaranay a panakikaduaan wenno panakasina.
Dagiti gudua a kanton ket nailaslasinda iti umuna nga artikulo iti [[Suiso Pederal a Batay-linteg]] iti 1999 babaen ti panakaisilpo kadagiti sabali a "kaguduada" nga adda tipangsilpo a "ken":
{{quote|DagitiTattao ken dagiti Kanton iti Zurich, Berna, Lucerna, Uri, Schwyz, <u>[[Obwalden]]</u> ken <u>[[Nidwalden]]</u>, Glarus, Zug, Friburgo, Solothurn, <u>[[Basel-Stadt]]</u> ken <u>[[Basel-Landschaft]]</u>, Schaffhausen, <u>[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]]</u> ken <u>[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]],</u> San Galo, Graubünden, Aargau, Thurgau, Ticino, Vaud, Valais, Neuchâtel, Hinebra, ken Jura ket mangporma dagitoy ti Suiso a Konpederasion.|Artikulo 1 iti Pederal a Batay-linteg iti Suiso a Konpederasion (maipalpalagip a daytoy ket saan a kas ti kasisigud)<ref>{{cite swiss law | sr =101 | link = 101 | art =1 | date =18 Abril 1999 | en =Pederal a Batay-linteg iti Susiso a Konpederasion | enab = | de = | deab = | fr = | frab = | it = |es = | esab = | itab = }}</ref> }}
Ti 1999 a panagbalbaliw ti batay-linteg ket nagtagtaginayon iti daytoy a panakailasin, iti panagkiddaw dagiti innem a kantonal a gobierno, a kas ti waya a panagmarka ti naipakasaritaan a panakikadua kadagiti gudua a kanton iti tunggal maysa kaniada.<ref>Felix Hafner / Rainer J. Schweizer in ''Ehrenzeller'', Art. 1 N 2; Häfelin, N 966.</ref> Iti panakaigiddiat, ti umuna nga artikulo dagiti 1848 ken 1874 a batay-linteg ket nangibukbukel ti Konpederasion a kas ti panagkaykaysa dagiti "duapulo ket dua a naturay a kanton",<ref>Duapulo ket tallo kalpasan ti panakapartuat ti [[Kanton iti Jura]] idi 1978.</ref> a mangibagbaga kadagiti kagudua a kanton a kas "Unterwalden (ngato ken sirok kadagiti kakaykayoan)", "Basel (siudad ken pagilian)" ken "Appenzell (dagiti dua a Rhoden)".<ref>[http://www.verfassungen.de/ch/verf74-i.htm Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft vom 29. Mai 1874], [http://www.verfassungen.de/ch/verf48.htm Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft vom 12. Septiembre 1848] {{De icon}}; patarus ti mannurat.</ref> Bayat ti nadadaan a batay-linteg ket mangibagbaga kadagitoy nga etado a kas "gudua akanton", ti maysa atermino a natagtagunayon iti nadayeg a panag-usar, ti 1999 a rbision ken opisial a terminolohia manipud idin ket agus-usar ti panaginagan a "dagiti kanton nga adda ti gudua akantonal a butos".<ref>Felix Hafner / Rainer J. Schweizer in ''Ehrenzeller'', Art. 1 N 10; Häfelin, N 963</ref>
Nga adda dagiti pannakisaranayda a panakikadua ket pyuro a naipakasaritaan laeng a banag, dagiti gudua akanto manipud idi 1848 ket kapadpada dagiti sabsabali a kanto malaksid ti dua:<ref>Häfelin, N 963, 967</ref>
* Agpilida laeng ti maysa a kameng iti [[Suiso a Konsilo dagiti Estado|Konsilo dagiti Estado]] embes a dua (Cst. art. 150 par. 2).
*Iti [[Referendum#Suiso|nadayeg a referendums]] a maipanggep kadagiti panagpasayaat ti batay-linteg, a kasapulan para iti panag-ampon ti nailian a nadayeg a kaaduan ken ti pay panakaingato ti kaaduam kadagiti kanton (''Ständemehr / majorité des cantons''), ti nagbanagan dagiti nadayeg a butos dagiti gudua a kanton kt maibilang laeng a kas gudua a butos no maipada kadagiti sabali a kanton (Cst. arts. 140, 142). Ti kayatna asaoen daytoy ket para iti pamay-an iti maysa abatay-linteg a referendum, nasken a 12 iti dagup dagiti 23 a kantonal a nadayeg a butos ket nasken a mangsuporta ti panagpasayaat.<ref>Häfelin, N 950</ref>
[[Papeles:Karikatur Teilung Basels.jpg|thumb|Karikatura iti panakabingbingay ti Basel, 1833]]
Dagiti rason para iti panakikadua a nagbaetan dagiti tallo a paris dagiti gudua akanton ket agdumaduma:
<!--*''Unterwalden'' never consisted of a single unified jurisdiction. Originally, Obwalden, Nidwalden, and the [[Abbey of Engelberg]] formed distinct communities. The collective term ''Unterwalden'' remains in use, however, for the area that partook in the creation of the original Swiss confederation in 1291 with [[Canton of Uri|Uri]] and [[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]]. The [[Federal Charter of 1291]] called for representatives from each of the three "areas".<ref>[http://www.admin.ch/org/polit/00056/index.html?lang=fr Pacte fédéral du 1er] août 1291] sur Admin.ch "vallée inférieure d'Unterwald" signifie Nidwald.</ref><ref>[http://hypo.ge.ch/www/cliotexte//html/suisse.histoire.1291.html Pacte fédéral du 1er août 1291] sur Cliotexte</ref>
*The canton of [[Appenzell]] divided itself into an "inner" and "outer" half ("Rhoden") as a consequence of the [[Reformation in Switzerland]] in 1597:<ref>[http://hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7389-1-10.php Réforme catholique, Contre-Réforme et scission] Article du dictionnaire historique de la Suisse</ref> [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] ([[Catholicism|Catholic]]) and [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] ([[Protestantism|Protestant]]).
*The canton of [[Basel]] divided itself as a consequence of a revolt of the Basel countryside in 1833, in order to promote equality among its citizenry, combating claims between rural and city residents over preferential status:<ref>[http://hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7387-2-2.php De la République helvétique à la division du canton (1798-1833)] Article du dictionnaire historique de la Suisse</ref> [[Basel-Landschaft]] and [[Basel-Stadt]].-->
==Nagnagan dagiti nailian a pagsasao==
(Dagiti nagan ket agparang a napuskol no maiparis iti kantonal nga opisial a pagsasao)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! [[Pangyababaan|Abbr]]
! [[Pagsasao nga Ilokano|Ilokano]]
! [[Pagsasao nga Aleman|Aleman]]
! [[Pagsasao a Pranses|Pranses]]
! [[Pagsasao nga Italiano|Italiano]]
! [[Pagsasao a Romansh|Romansh]]
|-
! AG
| [[Aargau]] (rare: ''Argovia'')
| {{Audio|De-Aargau.ogg|'''Aargau'''}}
| Argovie
| Argovia
| Argovia
|-
! AI
| [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Appenzell Akin-uneg a-Rhodes)
| {{Audio|De-Appenzell-Innerrhoden.ogg|'''Appenzell Innerrhoden'''}}
| Appenzell Rhodes-Intérieures
| Appenzello Interno
| Appenzell dadens
|-
! AR
| [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Appenzell Akin-ruar a-Rhodes)
| {{Audio|De-Appenzell-Ausserrhoden.ogg|'''Appenzell Ausserrhoden'''}}
| Appenzell Rhodes-Extérieures
| Appenzello Esterno
| Appenzell dador
|-
! BS
| [[Basel-Stadt|Basel-Siudad]] wenno Basle-Siudad
| {{Audio|De-Basel-Stadt.ogg|'''Basel-Stadt'''}}
| Bâle-Ville
| Basilea-Città
| Basilea-Citad
|-
! BL
| [[Basel-Landschaft|Basel-Pagilian]], Basle-Pagilian, wenno Basel-Daga
| {{Audio|De-Basel-Landschaft.ogg|'''Basel-Landschaft'''}}
| Bâle-Campagne
| Basilea-Campagna
| Basilea-Champagna
|-
! BE
| [[kanton iti Berna|Berna]], wenno Berne
| {{Audio|De-Bern.ogg|'''Bern'''}}
| '''Berne'''
| Berna
| Berna
|-
! FR
| [[kanton iti Friburgo|Friburgo]]
| {{Audio|De-Freiburg.ogg|'''Freiburg'''}}
| '''Friburgo'''
| Friborgo
| Friburg
|-
! GE
| [[Kanton iti Hinebra|Hinebra]]
| {{Audio|De-Genf.ogg|Genf}}
| '''Genève'''
| Ginevra
| Genevra
|-
! GL
| [[Kanton iti Glarus|Glarus]]
| {{Audio|De-Glarus.ogg|'''Glarus'''}}
| Glaris
| Glarona
| Glaruna
|-
! GR
| [[Graubünden]] (Grisons)
| {{Audio|De-Graubuenden.ogg|'''Graubünden'''}}
| Grisons
| '''Grigioni'''
| '''Grischun'''
|-
! JU
| [[Kanton iti Jura|Jura]]
| {{Audio|De-Jura.ogg|Jura}}
| '''Jura'''
| Giura
| Giura
|-
! LU
| [[Kanton iti Lucerna|Lucerna]]
| {{Audio|De-Luzern.ogg|'''Luzern'''}}
| Lucerne
| Lucerna
| Lucerna
|-
! NE
| [[Kanton iti Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]]
| {{Audio|De-Neuenburg.ogg|Neuenburg}}
| '''Neuchâtel'''
| Neuchâtel
| Neuchâtel
|-
! NW
| [[Nidwalden]]
| {{Audio|De-Nidwalden.ogg|'''Nidwalden'''}}
| Nidwald
| Nidvaldo
| Sutsilvania
|-
! OW
| [[Obwalden]]
| {{Audio|De-Obwalden.ogg|'''Obwalden'''}}
| Obwald
| Obvaldo
| Sursilvania
|-
! SH
| [[Kanton iti Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] (Schaffhouse)
| {{Audio|De-Schaffhausen.ogg|'''Schaffhausen'''}}
| Schaffhouse
| Sciaffusa
| Schaffusa
|-
! SZ
| [[Kanton iti Schwyz|Schwyz]]
| {{Audio|De-Schwyz.ogg|'''Schwyz'''}}
| Schwyz (or Schwytz)
| Svitto
| Sviz
|-
! SO
| [[Kanton iti Solothurn|Solothurn]]
| {{Audio|De-Solothurn.ogg|'''Solothurn'''}}
| Soleure
| Soletta
| Soloturn
|-
! SG
| [[Kanton iti San Galo|San Galo]] (San Gao)
| {{Audio|De-StGallen.ogg|'''St. Gallen'''}}
| Saint-Gall
| San Gallo
| Son Gagl
|-
! TG
| [[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia)
| {{Audio|De-Thurgau.ogg|'''Thurgau'''}}
| Thurgovie
| Turgovia
| Turgovia
|-
! TI
| [[Ticino]]
| {{Audio|De-Tessin.ogg|Tessin}}
| Tessin
| '''Ticino'''
| Tessin
|-
! UR
| [[Kanton iti Uri|Uri]]
| {{Audio|De-Uri.ogg|'''Uri'''}}
| Uri
| Uri
| Uri
|-
! VS
| [[Valais]]
| {{Audio|De-Wallis.ogg|'''Wallis'''}}
| '''Valais'''
| Vallese
| Vallais
|-
! VD
| [[Vaud]]
| {{Audio|De-Waadt.ogg|Waadt}}
| '''Vaud'''
| Vaud
| Vad
|-
! ZG
| [[Kanton iti Zug|Zug]]
| {{Audio|De-Zug.ogg|'''Zug'''}}
| Zoug
| Zugo
| Zug
|-
! ZH
| [[Kanton iti Zurich|Zurich]]
| {{Audio|De-Zürich.ogg|'''Zürich'''}}
| Zurich
| Zurigo
| Turitg
|}
<!--==Admission of new cantons==
{{main|Enlargement of Switzerland}}
The enlargement of Switzerland by way of the admission of new cantons ended in 1815. After a failed attempt of [[Vorarlberg]] to join Switzerland in 1919, the idea of resuming Swiss enlargement was revived in 2010 by a parliamentary motion that would allow the accession of regions bordering on Switzerland.
== Notes ==
# {{Note|a}}This is the order generally used in Swiss official documents. At the head of the list are the three city cantons that were considered preeminent in the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]]; the other cantons are listed in order of accession to the Confederation. This traditional order of precedence among the cantons has no practical relevance in the modern federal state, in which the cantons are equal to one another, although it still determines formal precedence among the cantons' officials (see [[Swiss order of precedence]]).
# {{Note|1}} {{As of|2009|4|5|lc=on}}
# {{Note|2}} km²
# {{Note|3}} Per km², based on 2000 population
# {{Note|4}} As of 31 December 2007, {{cite web
| last = Bundesamt für Statistik (Federal Department of Statistics)
| title = Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz
| year = 2008
| url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/regionen/thematische_karten/maps/uebersichtskarte.html
| format = Microsoft Excel
| accessdate = 11 November 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080611153041/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/regionen/thematische_karten/maps/uebersichtskarte.html |archivedate = 11 June 2008}}
# {{Note|5}} Seat of government and parliament is [[Herisau]], the seat of the judicial authorities is [[Trogen]]
# {{Note|6}} Seat of parliament half-yearly alternates between [[Frauenfeld]] and [[Weinfelden]]-->
== Pinagibasaran ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Bernhard Ehrenzeller, Philipp Mastronardi, Rainer J. Schweizer, Klaus A. Vallender (eds.) |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |others=|title=Die schweizerische Bundesverfassung, Kommentar |origdate= |origyear= |origmonth= |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |date= |year=2002 |month= |publisher= |location= |language= |isbn= 3-905455-70-6|oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= }} {{De icon}}.
* {{cite book|last=Häfelin|first=Ulrich|coauthors=Haller, Walter; Keller, Helen|title=Schweizerisches Bundesstaatsrecht|publisher=Schulthess|location=Zürich|year=2008|edition=Maika-7|isbn=978-3-7255-5472-0|language=Aleman}} Nadakamat a kas ti ''Häfelin''.
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